Central European Papers, 2014 (roč. 2), číslo 2

Prologue to the second issue of the second volume of Central European Papers (C.E.P.)

Editorial Board of C.E.P

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):5-6  

War and history: Transformation of the concept due to ascending racial ideology and social Darwinism in the 19th Century

Ivo BUDIL

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):8-22 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.024  

The concept of race and the phenomenon of racial ideology, strengthened by social Darwinism, led to substantial reassessment of traditional concept of war as historical phenomenon in the second half of the 19th Century. An aberration, morally problematic activity that can be resorted to only under exceptional and morally justifiable circumstances, became a vital principle and integral part of human existence. Not "eternal peace" but permanent "struggle for survival" was to constitute the desirable historical aspiration. That fact influenced markedly the character and course of World War I and principally of World War II. In the following study, I will...

Military industry and readjustment in the Hungarian hinterland in the First World War

József DEÁK

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):23-35 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.025  

The First World War had a considerable effect on the development of the Hungarian military industry. The war had its effect in the hinterland as well, and on the basis of the law of exceptional power, affected the development of the law enforcement bodies. The sources clearly show how the Hungarian military industry satisfied the requirements of the branches and how the Interior Ministry upheld the continuous operation of the public administration and public safety. Several of the then flourishing military companies' names have since been forgotten while of the bodies of the border guard, gendarmerie, state police, guaranteeing the order in the hinterland...

Lloyd George and the Dual Monarchy, 1917-1918

Gergely EGEDY

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):36-50 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.026  

The present study aims to offer a contribution to the research on the diplomatic history of World War I, focusing its attention on the relation between Great Britain and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1917-1918. To be more precise, it attempts to highlight the personal role of the prime minister of Britain, Lloyd George in shaping this relation. The fundamental assumption of the article is that, Lloyd George was committed to detach the Dual Monarchy from Germany by means of a separate peace. The study focuses on the repeated attempts to negotiate a secret arrangement with the Monarchy after Emperor Karl came to the throne in 1916 and initiated a...

Emil Lederer: On the Sociology of World War

Magdalena JÁCHYMOVÁ KRÁLOVCOVÁ

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):51-57 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.027  

The present article aims to introduce Emil Lederer (1882-1939) and the main ideas of his essay "On the sociology of the World War". Written in January 1915 this text contains a surprisingly unbiased and unique analysis of the war. Lederer deals with the topics of war technology, army organization and social structure, discusses the relationship between state and society and describes social and economic conditions of modern war. The key elements of his argumentation are the existence of universal conscription and the dual character of the modern democratic states.

On the Sociology of World War

Emil LEDERER

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):58-78 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.028  

The Economic Causes of War and Changes in Post-War Economic Thought: From Keynes to Beneš

Tomáš NIKODYM

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):79-94 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.029  

The paper deals with various economic interpretations of World War I which are often followed by changes in economic theory. It is shown, that most prevailing interpretations are still influenced by Karl Marx and his theories. Then, the sequential shift in economic or social policy and thinking is inevitably influenced by Marxism too. Authors writing in this tradition summarized that the capitalism leads to the monopolist structure of the economy and to the imperialism in economic policy. The war is then result of the struggle for foreign markets and resources. Using the economic theory and clarifying basic definition (for example competition, capitalism,...

Hungarian War Aims During WWI: Between Expansionism and Separatism

Aliaksandr PIAHANAU

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):95-107 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.030  

The question of WWI aims of the Kingdom of Hungary, constituting a distinct State within the Habsburg Monarchy, remains almost unexplored. This paper tries to reduce this gap. First, it synthesizes the main features of Hungarian expansionist projects in 1914-1918. Second, it emphasizes the importance of war-time separatist scenarios, intending to ensure the territorial integrity of Hungary. This way, the Hungarian strategic thought during the war appears to have constantly balanced between perspectives of territorial enlargement (in case of a victory of Central Powers) and independence (in case of the Entente's success). Both alternatives had a common...

Attempts to extend the suffrage in wartime Hungary - 1914-1918

Irén SIMÁNDI

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):108-121 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.031  

After the outbreak of "Big War" the role of the wartime hinterland has changed essentially. Some of the political parties and social organizations considered that men doing their military service in the war would have deserved the extension of suffrage and women in the wartime country would have deserved to gain suffrage. One of those political parties which had the biggest mass support performed political activity for the extension of suffrage. As the Social Democratic Party gained ground its increasing popularity brought about the establishment of the organization framework of the social democratic women's rights movement, and this then reinforced...

On the edge of the precipice of war

Aleš SKŘIVAN Sr.

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):122-140 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.032  

The submitted study presents and analyzes the development in the international scene in last weeks before outbreak of World War I. The primary attention is focused on the steps of Austria-Hungary, whose position was markedly weakened due to the Balkan Wars and anti-Austrian activities of Russia. The author focuses noticeably on assessment of the relations of the Habsburg Monarchy to the allied Germany in context with negotiations of military representatives, the famous Kaiser Wilhelm II's visit to Konopiště in mid-June 1914 and at diplomatic level. Considerable attention is paid to so called Matscheko's memorandum, a document that analyzed in great...

God and war in context of Carl Schmitt's political thinking

Petr SLOVÁČEK

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):141-163 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.033  

The text is focused on the analysis of the relation between God and war in political thinking interpreted by the controversial Carl Schmitt. It performs the analysis on the background of Schmitt's theory of the political and the political theology. In the first case, the theory of the political, based on the possibility of distinguishing the friend and the enemy, shows to be compatible with Christian political thinking and with Christian concept of man as a being capable of responsibility. This immanent context of Schmitt's political thinking leads to the need of establishing and analyzing the relation of God and war (violence). In the second regard,...

The Central-European Economic Effects of the World War I

Ferenc SZÁVAI

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):164-178 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.034  

The First World War brought total economic exhaustion to the Central-European region. It caused problems in the workforce, and finances. Together with inflation, it emerged in the form of a serious government debt. The agricultural balance of the world was lost, as well as the system of financial gold standard. In this, new, Central-European region, the typical form of existence was the economy of self-supply, and the policy of seclusion. After the dissolution of the great economic unity, the national assets became the possession of the former member states of the Monarchy; however, in numerous cases it gave grounds for quarrels and complaints. Among...

Barbara BILTSIK - Alessandro MARENGO - Nikolett POSTA - Péter Krisztián ZACHAR (eds.), New Approaches in a Complex World: International Relations, History and Social Sciences

Edit Lőrinczné BENCZE

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):180-186  

Budapest: L'Harmattan, 2014, 212 pagesISBN 978-963-236-851-1

László GULYÁS, A Horthy-korszak külpolitikája: 1. Az első évek 1919-1924 2. A húszas évek második fele 1924-1931

Dániel MIKLÓS

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):187-191  

Budapest: Attraktor, 2012, 2013, 179 + 196 pages ISBN 9786155257087, 9786155257094

Martin JEŘÁBEK (et al.), Srovnání politických systémů Německa a Rakouska - institucionální a systémové ukotvení

Miroslav STANIK

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):192-193  

Plzeň: Adela - Grafické studio 2010, 215 pagesISBN 978-80-87094-15-0

KOLÁŘOVÁ, M. (ed.), Revolta stylem. Hudební subkultury mládeže v České republice [Revolt as style: Music subcultures of youth in the Czech Republic]

Martin STANOEV

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):194-196  

Praha: Slon, 2011, 272 pagesISBN 978-80-7419-060-5

The Cult of Saint Stephen

Márk ILYÉS

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):198-199 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.039  

The article is based on the lecture of Dr. István Gedai, a historian and numismatist at the Hungarian National Museum. Dr. István Gedai is a member of the Hungarian Historical Society of Zurich. The venue of the lecture: Budapest District V: Arany János Street 10.* Editors (11 May 2020)This contribution is an author’s correct version of his previous report published in Central European Papers 2/2014, pp. 198–199.

The everyday Budapest in 1914 - The Big War's heartland's in pictures.

Zoltán MOLNÁR

Central European Papers 2014, 2(2):200-201 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2014.040  

Conference held by Budapest City Archives, the Hungarian Academy of Science Research Centre of the Humanities, the National University of Public Service Faculty of Military Science and Officier Training, the Ministry of Defense Institute and Museum of Military History, and the LEGENDA Cultural Association.Budapest, Hungary, 20 October 2014