Central European Papers 2015, 3(2):99-110 | DOI: 10.25142/cep.2015.020

Rethinking the concept of failed state

Ilona SZUHAI
Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Tanszék, Rendészettudományi kar, Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem, Department of Immigration and Nationality, Faculty of Law Enforcement, National University of Public, Service, 12 Farkasvölgyi Street, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary, Szuhai.Ilona@uni-nke.hu

This study summarises the history of failed state concept, the difficulties of a clear definition of failed state and the reasons why the categories of various linking expressions like weak, fragile, failing, collapsed states are mixing. 2015 remained a turbulent year of conflicts in the world, which drew attention on failed states. One of the symptoms of failed states is the form of forced migration when people leave their home due to intrastate armed conflicts, terrorist activities, brutal violation of human rights, poverty, lack of humanitarian aid and poor public services. The study outlines the connection with security and one of the biggest actual global phenomena, the mass refugee movements. That has become in the focus of the European discourse due to the humanitarian catastrophe in the Mediterranean. The current measurement of instable states is problematic which has strong impact on interventions and aid operations.

Keywords: Failed states, fragile state index, instable states, mass migration, Iraq

Published: September 1, 2015  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
SZUHAI I. Rethinking the concept of failed state. Central European Papers. 2015;3(2):99-110. doi: 10.25142/cep.2015.020.
Download citation

References

  1. ACEMOGLU, Daron - ROBINSON, James A.: Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity, and poverty, New York 2012, 571. Go to original source...
  2. A Secure Europe in a Better World. European Security Strategy. Brussels 12 December 2003. Online: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/78367.pdf.
  3. BOUILLON, Markus E.: Iraq's state-building enterprise: State fragility, state failure and a new social contract, in: International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, 6, 2012, 3, 281-297. Go to original source...
  4. BUEGER, Christian - BETHKE, Felix: Actor-networking the 'failed state' - an enquiry into the life of concepts, in: Journal of International Relations and Development, 17, 2014, 1, 30-60. Go to original source...
  5. BYMAN, Daniel L. - HAMID, Shadi - LISTER, Charles - McCANTS, William - SHAPIRO, Jeremy: Around the Halls: What is ISIS' Strategy? online: http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/iran-at-saban/posts/2014/09/24-around-the-halls-isis-strategy.
  6. CALL, Charles T.: The Fallacy of the Failed State, in: Third World Quarterly, 29, 2008, 8, 1491-1507. Go to original source...
  7. Di JOHN, Jonathan: Conceptualising the Causes and Consequences of Failed States, A Critical Review of the Literature, in: Crisis States Working Paper, Series 2, no. 25, 2008.
  8. Di JOHN, Jonathan: The Concept, Causes and Consequences of Failed States: A Critical Review of the Literature and Agenda for Research with Specific Reference to Sub-Saharan Africa, in: European Journal of Development Research, 22, 2010, 1, 10-30. Go to original source...
  9. EZROW, Natasha - FRANTZ, Erica: Revisiting the Concept of the Failed State: bringing the state back, in: Third World Quarterly, 34, 2013, 8, 1323-1338. Go to original source...
  10. FUKUYAMA, Francis: Nation-Building 101, in: The Real State of the Union: From the Best Minds in America, Bold Solutions to the Problems Politicians Dare Not to Address, HALSTEAD, Ted (ed.), New York 2004, 250-262.
  11. FUKUYAMA, Francis: Nation-Building and the Failure of Institutional Memory, in: Nation-Building Beyond Afghanistan and Iraq, FUKUYAMA, Francis (ed.), Baltimore 2006, 1-16. Go to original source...
  12. Fragile State Index, online: http://ffp.statesindex.org.
  13. GARCIA, Ana: Reconciliation Processes in Iraq: The Potential of Truth Commissions to Bring Democracy, 2013, online: https://dl.tufts.edu/bookreader/tufts:UA015.012.081.00014#page/1/mode/2up.
  14. HELMAN, Gerald B. - RATNER, Steven R.: Saving Failed States, in: Foreign Policy, no. 89, 1992, 3-20. Go to original source...
  15. HOUT, Wil: Between Development and Security: the European Union, governance and fragile states, in: Third World Quarterly, 31, 2010, 1, 141-157. Go to original source...
  16. IGNATIEFF, Michael: The Burden, in: The New York Times, January 5, 2003, online: http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/05/magazine/05EMPIRE.html?pagewanted=all.
  17. KRASNER, Stephen D.: Sovereignty, in: Foreign Policy, no. 122, 2001, 20-29. Go to original source...
  18. KRASNER, Stephen D.: Abiding Sovereignty, in: International Political Science Review, 22, 2001, 3, 229-251. Go to original source...
  19. MAZARR, Michael J.: The Rise and Fall of the Failed-State Paradigm, in: Foreign Affairs, 93, 2014, 1, online: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/140347/michael-j-mazarr/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-failed-state-paradigm.
  20. MENKHAUS, Kenneth J.: State Fragility as a Wicked Problem, in: Prism, 1, 2008, 2, 85-100.
  21. NGUYEN, Minh: The question of 'failed states', Australia and the Notion of State Failure, in: View on Asia, 2005, online: http://www.uniya.org/research/state_failure.pdf.
  22. PUTZEL, James - Di JOHN, Jonathan: Meeting the challenges of Crisis States. Crisis States Research Centre report, London 2012.
  23. ROTBERG, Robert I.: Failed States in a World of Terror, in: Foreign Affairs, 81, 2002, 4, 1-13. Go to original source...
  24. ROTBERG, Robert I.: Failed States, Collapsed States, Weak States: Causes and Indicators, in: State Failure and State Weakness in a Time of Terror, ROTBERG, Robert I. (ed.), Washington 2003, 1-25.
  25. ROTBERG, Robert I.: The Failure and Collapse of Nation-States, Breakdown, Prevention, and Repair, in: When States Fail, ROTBERG, Robert I. (ed.), Princeton 2003, 1-50. Go to original source...
  26. SEDRA, Mark: Finding Innovation in State-Building: Moving Beyond the Orthodox Liberal Model, in: Prism, 3, 2012, 3, 47-62.
  27. STEWART, Patrick: Weak States and Global Threats: Fact or Fiction? in: The Washington Quarterly, 29, 2006, 2, 27-53. Go to original source...
  28. UN: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=51107#.VYBt6UbdVB8.
  29. UNHCR: http://www.unhcr.org/558016eb6.html.
  30. ZARTMAN, William I.: Introduction: Posing the Problem of State Collapse, in: Collapsed States: The Disintegration and Restoration of Legitimate Authority, ZARTMAN, William I. (ed.), Boulder 1995, 1-11. Go to original source...
  31. ZULUETA-FÜLSCHER, Kimana: Democracy-Support Effectiveness in Fragile States: A Review, in: International Studies Review, 16, 2014, 1, 29-49. Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.